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Any consideration of business venture possibilities must include those created and enlarged by the Internet. In his book, The Road Ahead, Bill Gates of Microsoft writes of "friction-free capitalism" made possible by developments in communications, chief among them the Internet and its World Wide Web. In this context, "friction" is everything that keeps markets from functioning as the "perfect competition" of economics textbooks. This friction can be a function of distance between buyer and seller, costs of overcoming this distance, and incomplete or incorrect information. Friction manifests itself by causing barriers to entry for new competitors, limiting the number of outlets from which the consumer has to choose. Large companies, with multiple sales outlets, and economies of scale, have greater power to direct the marketplace. The degree of friction in the developed world has been decreasing for some years now. Affordable air travel, overnight delivery, improved telephone and fax communications have shortened distances. Credit cards and toll-free numbers have spawned at-home shopping from sources across the country. The Web has taken the friction in our economy down another notch. In principle, we can sell products and services to a worldwide audience as easily and effectively as our largest multi-national competitor. The Web can also be a powerful research assistant. Virtually every major business puts product and service information on the Web, including business directory services and magazines. Programs that search the Web on keywords provided by the user help in finding the specific information needed. Test the resources available for searching the Web on a topic of interest to you, such as our coffee shop example. Visit sites of major companies in the industry. Search the archives of business magazines for articles that give background and statistics. In a recent Wall Street Journal article, William M. Bulkeley suggests that there are lessons to be learned from the "winners:"
Some Web ventures have thrived by using the Internet's communications advantages to reverse the traditional buyer-seller relationship. For example, a site for computer-game fans offers free demonstrations and reviews of new games while collecting fees from game makers for the number of web-surfers who view their ads. When users see that the Web can save them money over real-world transactions, they flock in -- as a host of electronic brokerage firms have discovered. The cost of buying stocks on-line is well below what full-service or even discount brokers charge for telephone transactions. Companies can profit on-line by exploiting the Net's ability to reference vast amounts of information. Amazon.com, Inc. is probably the best-known example. The company's Web site lets buyers browse among millions of titles, most of which are stored in distributors' warehouses rather than its own. Some specialty retailers have found that listing their products on the Web can create a market for a line of products that is not feasible or only marginal in the local market. Some have said that the best Web businesses are those whose customers are spread over an area an inch deep and 3,000 miles wide. To Bulkeley's list, we can add the following: As an exercise, use a search engine to find information on specialized hobbies and interests. I doubt that any that you can think of is not addressed in some form on the Web. Product sales on the Web brings with it business opportunities to serve these operations. Web site hosts, Web page designers, clip art sellers, and those promising to build traffic to our Web site are harder to avoid than to find. Who would have thought that one of the most successful business models would be on-line auction houses, featuring a wide variety of items put up for sale by individuals, not businesses. For many of these ventures, "business model" is a key phrase.
It is not enough merely to establish a presence on the Web. You must find
a way to make that presence pay. Surfers are used to site content being
free, as many media companies have found out. Advertisers will pay for
visitors ("eyeballs") but for this model to work, these visitors
have to buy something in sufficient numbers to justify a continuing relationship.
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